![]() On one side of a galaxy’s spinning stellar disk, the stars swinging in the direction of Earth will show a spectral blueshift - the compression of light waves due to motion toward the observer. This shift is known as the Doppler Effect. Studying structure and rotation is much easier if you view a nearby galaxy from the outside.”įor the past century, astronomers have calculated galaxy rotation rates by observing a slight shift in the spectrum of its starlight. It’s all at different distances, and you’re sitting in the middle of it. ![]() “Studying the Milky Way is difficult because you’re studying from the inside, so everything you see is spread all over the sky. “The LMC is a very important galaxy because it is very near to our Milky Way,” said van der Marel, who is the lead author on a paper in the Feb. Astronomers have long measured the sideways motions of nearby celestial objects, but this is the first time the precision has become sufficient to see another distant galaxy rotate. Hubble’s precision tracking offers a new way to determine a galaxy’s rotation by the “sideways” proper motion of its stars, as seen in the plane of the sky. “Studying this nearby galaxy by tracking the stars’ movements gives us a better understanding of the internal structure of disk galaxies,” said Kallivayalil, “Knowing a galaxy’s rotation rate offers insight into how a galaxy formed, and it can be used to calculate its mass.”ĭisk-shaped galaxies such as the Milky Way and the LMC generally rotate like a carousel. Hubble recorded the stars’ slight movements during a seven-year period. used Hubble to measure the average motion of hundreds of individual stars in the LMC, located 170,000 light-years away. The Hubble team - Roeland van der Marel of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Md., and Nitya Kallivayalil of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Va. It takes our sun the same amount of time to complete a rotation around the center of our Milky Way galaxy. Using the sharp-eyed NASA Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have for the first time precisely measured the rotation rate of a galaxy based on the clock-like movement of its stars.Īccording to their analysis, the central part of the neighboring galaxy, called the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), completes a rotation every 250 million years.
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Social posts graphics to share: The 12 Days of Christmas Leader Development Scripture in Color - FREE Printables for you to color!Ĭhristmas Notecards & Bookmarks (Assortment)Ĭhristmas Notecards & Bookmarks (Assortment) in Spanish Attach them to a gift of baked goods, too!Īdvent Scripture Chain - Share the message of Christ this Advent with a paper chain!Ĭhristmas Ornaments (Assortment) - Share the message of Christ and the mission of the LWML with beautiful ornaments you make yourself! Scripture Gift Tags (Assortment) - Use them on your gifts to share God's love. 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(Leader Guide and Worksheet) - Christmas, Epiphany, Mites and Missions ![]() Journey through this study to discover the wonder, miracle, and majesty of their search - Jesus Christ, the promised Messiah and Savior. By Donna Snow. The Magi traveled many miles and months to find Jesus. No Stranger in the Manger - Based on Matthew 2:2, 10–11. Be transported to the shepherding fields near Bethlehem on that starry night. By Donna Snow. One Extraordinary Night - Based on Luke 2:8–14, helps you walk through the vivid colors of history to learn how God orchestrated that miraculous night that changed the world forever. Bible Studies Multi-Session Bible Studies ![]() Opuntia violacea Santa Rita cacti grow during the spring, summer, and fall months, during which time it is necessary to water them weekly once or twice so that the soil is always slightly wet.ĭuring the cold winter months, water is just enough to prevent excessive drying of the soil (generally, watering once a week achieves this). If you have a tray beneath the pot, ensure that you empty the water that’s flowed out of the pot and collected in the tray, preventing water accumulation. Once you’ve potted your Opuntia violacea Santa Rita, water it slowly, waiting in between to see if the water flows out of the bottom-a sign to stop watering. Therefore, these plants do not require frequent watering in fact, they’re more likely to die of root rot than underwatering in a home garden! Like most cacti, Opuntia violacea Santa Rita is a drought-tolerant plant, used to arid conditions and extremely infrequent rain. However, during the hot summer months, give the plants a little cooling time and shade to prevent damage from extreme heat in the wild, this damage is part and parcel of daily life and doesn’t matter so much, but if you’re growing Opuntia violacea Santa Rita for decorative purposes, this becomes a necessary measure. The best idea is to place them in open spaces such as exposed gardens or outdoor balconies, as these plants will soak up the sun for as long as it’s available throughout the day! Like any heliophilic plant, flourishing in open environments with plenty of direct sunlight, the Opuntia violacea Santa Rita also requires ample direct sunlight to grow and bloom. If you’re planning to incorporate Opuntia violacea Santa Rita into your garden, here’s everything you need to know about caring for it. How to Care for Opuntia violacea Santa Rita 2 How to Propagate Opuntia violacea Santa Rita.1 How to Care for Opuntia violacea Santa Rita. ![]() Mayer sat in the stands while his father told stories of playing little league against Pete Rose. He lived only 10 minutes from the stadium and watched the Big Red Machine dominate major league baseball. Mayer grew up in Cincinnati in the mid-'70s, making it difficult for a kid to ignore baseball, he says. When Daniel retired, he began work on one of his first projects, a Foxx biography. Richmonders in rowboats sat in the James River beyond the left-field fence, trying to retrieve the balls so the team could save money, Mayer says.Ĭo-author Daniel had always been a baseball fanatic, idolizing and imitating Jimmy Foxx, a right-handed first baseman of the 1930s. Mayer says the island ballpark created an atmosphere that resembled McCovey's Cove in San Francisco more than 100 years before spectators swam after Barry Bonds' blasts today. Through his daily readings of the paper, Mayer also explored the urban development of the city, as baseball diamonds were created and demolished from Broad Street to the Landmark Theatre, from the West End down to Mayo Island. "But baseball was such an active part of the fabric of life, it was often one of the lead stories, right on the front page." "Back then there was no sports section," Mayer says. ![]() Mayer spent a couple hundred hours navigating through microfilm, listening to the grating whirr of the machine while pages flashed by. His biggest resource was The Richmond Daily Dispatch, now known as The Richmond Times-Dispatch. Primary documents that outline the beginnings of baseball in the 1860s were scarce, Mayer says. His professor, fascinated with the national pastime, paired up with him to develop his thesis into a book. Chapters 2 through 5 of the book are pulled almost exactly from the work he did while he was advised by Daniel in graduate school. In writing the book, Mayer found a gold mine of material: his senior master's thesis in history from the University of Richmond. "I tried to incorporate some of the sociological aspects, cultural, historical and economic aspects, that tied Richmond and baseball together." "I tried to incorporate more than just baseball," Mayer says. ![]() In it, they document the chronology of all the city's amateur and professional teams since the game first arrived. Mayer, an associate director of admissions at the University of Richmond, has co-authored "Baseball and Richmond: A History of the Professional Game, 1884-2000," with retired UR professor W. Baseball had an impact on nearly everything. Religious groups strongly opposed Sunday games and beer sold at the ballpark. ![]() If you request a cancellation within 48 hours of the appointment, there are no refunds. To delete a contact, use the Contacts app on your Android device. To respect their time, we have a strict 48 hour cancellation policy. There is no phone number Or way to be sure your needs are being handled appropriately and by a human being. 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